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Each maloccluded tooth is given a value of 1 while tooth in perfect occlusion is given a score of 0. Tooth that is not in perfect occlusion from both occlusal aspect (in perfect alignment with contact line) and buccal aspect (in perfect alignment with plane of occlusion and in correct interdigitation with opposing teeth) is considered as maloccluded. Each tooth is examined from two different aspects: occlusal aspect and then the buccal and labial surfaces with the exclusion of third molars. The total number of maloccluded teeth is the counted and recorded. Each tooth is examined to determine whether it is in correct occlusion or it is maloccluded. This index uses individual teeth as unit of occlusion instead of a segment of the arch. Introduced in 1951 by Massler & Frankel to produce a way to record the prevalence of malocclusion which will satisfy 3 criteria: simple, accurate and applicable to large groups of individual yield quantitative information that could be statistically analysed reproducible so that results are comparable. Massler and Frankel's index recording the number of displaced/rotated teeth Angle's classification also disregards the relationship of the teeth to the face.
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Class III: The protrusion of the lower jaw with mesiobuccal cusp of maxillary first molar occluding posterior to the buccal groove of the mandibular first molar, with lingually inclined lower incisors and cuspids Īngle's classification only considers anteroposterior deviations in the sagittal plane while malocclusion is a three dimensional problem (sagittal, transverse and vertical) rather than two dimensional as described in Angle's classification.Class II div 2: class II relationship with lingual inclination of upper central incisors (retrocline) and upper lateral incisors overlapping the centrals.Class II div 1: class II relationship with proclined upper central incisors (overjet).Class II: The retrusion of the lower jaw with distal occlusion of the lower teeth (or in other words, the maxillary first molar occludes anterior to the buccal groove of the mandibular first molars).Class I: The molar relationship of the occlusion is normal or as described for the maxillary first molar, with malocclusion confined to anterior teeth.Angle's Classification describes 3 classes of malocclusion: Angle's Classification is based on the relationship of the mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first molar and the buccal groove of the mandibular first molar. 21 Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need (ICON)Īngle's Classification is devised in 1899 by father of Orthodontic, Dr Edward Angle to describe the classes of malocclusion, widely accepted and widely used since it was published.20 Risk of Malocclusion Assessment (ROMA).19 Need for Orthodontic Treatment Index (NOTI).17 Memorandum of Orthodontic Screen and Indication for Orthodontic Treatment.16 Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN).14 Handicapping Labiollingual Deviation (HLD) (CalMOD).
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12 WHO/FDI - basic method for recording of malocclusion.10 Handicapping Malocclusion Assessment Record (HMAR).
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